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''Juniperus virginiana'' — its common names include red cedar, eastern red-cedar,〔Flora of North America: (''Juniperus virginiana'' )〕 eastern redcedar, eastern juniper, red juniper, pencil cedar, and aromatic cedar — is a species of juniper native to eastern North America from southeastern Canada to the Gulf of Mexico and east of the Great Plains.〔( USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service: ''Juniperus virginiana'' L. eastern redcedar )〕 Further west it is replaced by the related ''Juniperus scopulorum'' (Rocky Mountain Juniper) and to the southwest by ''Juniperus ashei'' (Ashe Juniper).〔Farjon, A. (2005). ''Monograph of Cupressaceae and Sciadopitys''. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. ISBN 1-84246-068-4〕〔Gymnosperm Database: (''Juniperus virginiana'' )〕〔Adams, R. P. (2004). ''Junipers of the World''. Trafford. ISBN 1-4120-4250-X〕 ==Description== ''Juniperus virginiana'' is a dense slow-growing coniferous evergreen tree that may never become more than a bush on poor soil, but is ordinarily from (rarely to ) tall, with a short trunk (rarely ) diameter. The oldest tree reported, from Missouri, was 795 years old. The bark is reddish-brown, fibrous, and peels off in narrow strips. The leaves are of two types; sharp, spreading needle-like juvenile leaves long, and tightly adpressed scale-like adult leaves long; they are arranged in opposite decussate pairs or occasionally whorls of three. The juvenile leaves are found on young plants up to 3 years old, and as scattered shoots on adult trees, usually in shade. The seed cones are long, berry-like, dark purple-blue with a white wax cover giving an overall sky-blue color (though the wax often rubs off); they contain one to three (rarely up to four) seeds, and are mature in 6–8 months from pollination. The juniper berry is an important winter food for many birds, which disperse the wingless seeds. The pollen cones are long and broad, shedding pollen in late winter or early spring. The trees are usually dioecious, with pollen and seed cones on separate trees.〔〔〔 There are two varieties,〔 which intergrade where they meet:〔〔〔 *''Juniperus virginiana'' var. ''virginiana'' is called eastern juniper / redcedar. It is found in eastern North America, from Maine, west to southern Ontario and South Dakota, south to northernmost Florida and southwest into the post oak savannah of east-central Texas. Cones are larger, 4–7 mm; scale leaves are acute at apex and bark is red-brown. *''Juniperus virginiana'' var. ''silicicola'' (Small) E.Murray (syn. ''Sabina silicicola'' Small, ''Juniperus silicicola'' (Small) L.H.Bailey) is known as southern or sand juniper / redcedar. Habitat is along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts from North Carolina, south to central Florida and west to southeast Texas. Cones are smaller, 3–4 mm; scale leaves are blunt at apex and the bark is orange-brown. It is treated by some authors at the lower rank of variety, while others treat it as a distinct species. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Juniperus virginiana」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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